WASHINGTON— FDIC-supervised banks were cited for 1,155 consumer protection violations in 2025, with nearly 40% tied to Truth in Lending Act/Regulation Z issues and the top five violation categories accounting for 75% of all citations, according to the FDIC’s new Consumer Compliance Supervisory Highlights.
The report said FDIC examiners conducted about 825 consumer compliance exams last year, and as of Dec. 31, 98% of FDIC-supervised institutions were rated satisfactory or better for consumer compliance, with the same percentage rated “Outstanding” or “Satisfactory” under CRA.
By far the most frequently cited issue was TILA/Reg Z, which generated 462 violations, or 40% of the total. That was followed by EFTA/Reg E at 136 violations (12%), flood insurance-related FDPA violations at 131 (11%), TISA/Reg DD at 74 (6%), and HMDA/Reg C at 72 (6%). The FDIC noted EFTA moved up from the fourth-most cited category to second, a notable shift tied largely to error resolution requirements for electronic fund transfers.
The agency also disclosed enforcement numbers. In 2025, the FDIC initiated 16 formal and 11 informal enforcement actions, issued civil money penalty orders totaling about $150 million, and ordered roughly $1.2 billion in restitution through Section 8(b) orders. Separately, other supervised institutions made $4.7 million in voluntary restitution to 47,902 consumers.
On the complaint side, the FDIC’s Consumer Response Unit said it closed 32,128 written complaints and telephone call records in 2025, up 21% from 26,451 a year earlier. Of 28,489 written complaints, the FDIC retained and investigated 15,405, referred 12,975 to other federal banking regulators, and identified 280 bank errors, 108 federal consumer protection violations, and 76 cases that required escalation to FDIC regional offices.
Among complaint trends, credit cards remained the biggest trouble spot, accounting for 5,783 complaints, followed by checking accounts (3,106) and installment loans/consumer lines of credit (3,014). The single biggest issue was credit reporting, which made up 35% of complaints, while complaints involving third-party providers jumped nearly 48% to 6,356 cases. Still, fair-lending complaints fell 37%, dropping from 62 in 2024 to 39 in 2025.